UTIs are infections affecting any part of your urinary system: your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The most common type is a bladder infection (cystitis), causing symptoms like frequent, urgent, or painful urination, sometimes with burning. Kidney infections (pyelonephritis), though less frequent, are more serious and can lead to fever, chills, and flank pain.
Bacteria, usually from the gut, are the primary culprits, often E. coli. They enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Women are more susceptible due to their shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Diagnosis typically involves a urine test to identify bacteria and confirm the infection. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, tailored to the specific bacteria identified. Adequate fluid intake helps flush out bacteria, while avoiding irritants like caffeine and alcohol can ease symptoms.
Prevention strategies include regular urination, wiping front to back after toilet use (for women), and drinking plenty of water. For recurring UTIs, discuss preventative measures with your doctor; these might include longer antibiotic courses or prophylactic antibiotics.
