Prednisone, a glucocorticoid, affects blood pressure primarily by influencing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It decreases the activity of renin, reducing the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This leads to vasodilation and a subsequent drop in blood pressure.
Simultaneously, prednisone diminishes the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone normally promotes sodium and water retention, increasing blood volume and consequently, blood pressure. By suppressing aldosterone, prednisone promotes sodium excretion, lowering blood volume and blood pressure.
Furthermore, prednisone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic inflammation can contribute to hypertension. By reducing inflammation, prednisone may indirectly contribute to blood pressure normalization in certain patients.
However, it’s crucial to remember individual responses vary. Some individuals experience minimal blood pressure changes, while others might experience a more pronounced hypotensive effect, especially with high doses or pre-existing conditions affecting blood pressure regulation.
The exact magnitude of prednisone’s influence on blood pressure is also affected by factors such as dosage, duration of treatment, individual patient factors (e. g., age, underlying health conditions), and interactions with other medications. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is therefore strongly recommended for patients on prednisone therapy.
