Amoxicillin combats bacterial infections by interfering with their ability to build cell walls. Specifically, it inhibits an enzyme called penicillin-binding protein (PBP), crucial for the final stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This disruption prevents the bacteria from forming a protective outer layer, leading to cell lysis (rupture) and ultimately bacterial death. Amoxicillin achieves this by mimicking a natural component of the bacterial cell wall, binding to PBP and blocking its function.
Absorption and Excretion
After oral administration, amoxicillin is readily absorbed into the bloodstream. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within one to two hours. The drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys via urinary excretion. This is important to consider when prescribing amoxicillin to patients with impaired kidney function.
Spectrum of Activity
Amoxicillin is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. This includes common culprits in respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections. However, its efficacy varies depending on the specific bacterial strain and its susceptibility to the antibiotic. Always follow your doctor’s guidance for dosage and duration of treatment.
