Gastrointestinal distress is the most frequent side effect. Expect nausea, diarrhea, or stomach upset, particularly in the initial weeks. To mitigate this, start with a low dose and gradually increase it as directed by your doctor. Taking metformin with food often helps. If symptoms persist despite these measures, discuss alternative strategies with your healthcare provider; they might suggest a different formulation or a lower dosage.
Less Common Side Effects
Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur with long-term use. Regular blood tests can monitor your levels. Supplementing with B12, as recommended by your doctor, is usually sufficient to prevent or manage this deficiency.
Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication. It’s more likely to develop in individuals with kidney problems or excessive alcohol consumption. Maintaining hydration and avoiding excessive alcohol are key preventive measures. Report any symptoms like muscle weakness, unusual fatigue, or shortness of breath to your doctor immediately.
Managing Side Effects: A Practical Guide
| Nausea | Take metformin with food, consider a lower starting dose. |
| Diarrhea | Increase fiber intake gradually, consider anti-diarrheal medication (consult your doctor). |
| Stomach Upset | Take metformin with food, smaller, more frequent doses might help. |
| Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Regular blood tests, B12 supplementation as prescribed. |
| Lactic Acidosis (rare) | Maintain hydration, avoid excessive alcohol, seek immediate medical attention if symptoms appear. |
Medication Interactions
Metformin interacts with certain medications, so inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are taking. This includes over-the-counter drugs. Your doctor can adjust your dosage or recommend alternatives if needed.
