Flucloxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin primarily used for treating infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Its spectrum includes Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Avoid using flucloxacillin for infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria or anaerobic organisms; it’s simply ineffective against them.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Flucloxacillin is a suitable choice for treating uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections like impetigo, cellulitis, and abscesses caused by susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Always consider local resistance patterns when choosing antibiotics; consult local guidelines.
Respiratory Tract Infections
While flucloxacillin can be considered for pneumonia caused by penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae, it’s less preferred than other options, like macrolides or cephalosporins, depending on the severity and patient factors. Reserve its use in respiratory infections only when other antibiotics are unsuitable.
Bone and Joint Infections
Flucloxacillin plays a role in treating osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, typically in conjunction with surgical drainage or debridement. However, other antibiotics may be necessary depending on the specifics of the infection. Dosage and duration should be tailored to the severity of the infection and patient response.
Important Considerations
Allergic reactions are possible and should be carefully considered. A detailed allergy history is crucial before prescribing. Renal and hepatic impairment may require dose adjustments; consult prescribing information for guidance. Always monitor for adverse effects, including diarrhea, nausea, and hypersensitivity reactions. Appropriate duration of therapy is vital for successful treatment and to prevent resistance development. Never use flucloxacillin prophylactically unless specifically indicated.
