Your doctor will likely begin with a thorough physical examination, including checking your heart rate and rhythm. They’ll also want a detailed medical history, including any family history of heart problems.
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is the cornerstone of PAF diagnosis. This simple, non-invasive test records the electrical activity of your heart, revealing irregular heartbeats characteristic of PAF. A 12-lead ECG provides a comprehensive overview, while continuous ECG monitoring (Holter monitor) over 24-48 hours can detect intermittent episodes of PAF that might be missed with a single ECG.
If the ECG is inconclusive, your doctor might recommend a cardiac event monitor. This portable device records your heart rhythm for longer periods, often weeks or months, allowing for better detection of infrequent PAF episodes. This provides a more complete picture of your heart’s rhythm.
For patients with suspected but elusive PAF, an implantable loop recorder (ILR) offers extended monitoring, sometimes up to three years. This small device is implanted under the skin and continuously records your heart rhythm, automatically detecting and storing episodes of PAF. This approach is ideal when infrequent or asymptomatic PAF is suspected.
Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) provides a detailed image of your heart’s structure and function. This helps assess for any underlying heart conditions that might contribute to PAF, such as valve disease or heart muscle damage. The echocardiogram identifies potential structural causes.
Blood tests might be ordered to rule out other conditions or assess your overall cardiac health. These are used for a broader assessment of your health status.
